The outstanding mechanical properties of tool steels make these materials used extensively in forging dies. During the hot forging process, the service life of the tools is notably limited due to the high thermal and mechanical stresses to which they are subjected. In these manufacturing processes, lubricants are used to reduce friction and evacuate heat during forging. In this study, the analysis of the fatigue life of a H13 steel in contact with forging lubricants is carried out. Fatigue specimens were subjected to axial fatigue tests under normal conditions and while keeping the specimens in contact with two lubricants after different exposure times. Under certain conditions, the exposure time to forging lubricants led to a poorer fatigue performance of the steel. Fracture surface analysis allowed to confirm that crack initiation sites were located in the surface of the specimens that presented a finite fatigue life. In the specimens exposed to the lubricants, multiple signs of corrosion attack were revealed if the lubricant keeps static. However, this phenomenon is believed to have been caused by crevice corrosion and not by a corrosive nature of the lubricants, as no sign of corrosion is observed when the lubricant is recirculated.

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Assessment of the Fatigue Performance of Forging Die Steels in Corrosive and Lubricant Media

  • E. Calvo-García,
  • S. Valverde,
  • A. Riveiro,
  • D. Álvarez,
  • M. Román,
  • C. Magdalena,
  • P. Pou-Álvarez,
  • A. Badaoui,
  • P. Moreira,
  • R. Comesaña

摘要

The outstanding mechanical properties of tool steels make these materials used extensively in forging dies. During the hot forging process, the service life of the tools is notably limited due to the high thermal and mechanical stresses to which they are subjected. In these manufacturing processes, lubricants are used to reduce friction and evacuate heat during forging. In this study, the analysis of the fatigue life of a H13 steel in contact with forging lubricants is carried out. Fatigue specimens were subjected to axial fatigue tests under normal conditions and while keeping the specimens in contact with two lubricants after different exposure times. Under certain conditions, the exposure time to forging lubricants led to a poorer fatigue performance of the steel. Fracture surface analysis allowed to confirm that crack initiation sites were located in the surface of the specimens that presented a finite fatigue life. In the specimens exposed to the lubricants, multiple signs of corrosion attack were revealed if the lubricant keeps static. However, this phenomenon is believed to have been caused by crevice corrosion and not by a corrosive nature of the lubricants, as no sign of corrosion is observed when the lubricant is recirculated.