Railway axle forgings are manufactured using open die forging technologies on hydraulic presses or rotary swaging machines. Railway axles made of EA1N steel according to EN 13261 should be characterised by a homogeneous ferrite–perlite structure. This article considers the impact of cross wedge rolling technology on the microstructure quality of railway axles. Numerical simulation using the finite element method was carried out. The results of the numerical simulations made it possible to determine the value and distribution of plastic strain in the railway axle forging. In the laboratory tests carried out, railway axle forgings were obtained for microstructure studies. The tests carried out showed a strong relationship between the plastic deformation value and the microstructure state of the obtained railway axle forgings. The microstructure of EA1N steel after rolling and air cooling shows a large inhomogeneity of ferrite and pearlite grain sizes. The heat treatment carried out by normalizing achieved a structure suitable for railway axles. In summary, the research carried out confirmed the possibility of rolling railway axes for which a proper uniform ferrite–perlite microstructure can be obtained.