In modern economies, the management of supply security and sustainability drives social change through multidisciplinary business processes. While supply chains form the backbone of this process and support sustainability, they also pose risks to decarbonization. This study examines the potential impact of decarbonization on energy and environmental sustainability in the supply chain. It takes a holistic approach to analyzing Turkey’s roll-on/roll-off (RORO) transportation and aims to evaluate the efficiency potential of fleet management through the development of basic indicators and sampling. The study suggests that GDP is a significant variable, with fleet exergy efficiency at 40.96% and emission savings potential at 59.24%. These findings indicate that negative effects on sectoral sustainability may occur and that strategic change frameworks in supply chains may be necessary. Additionally, the study proposes an evaluation to aid decision-making processes.