While two different countries in the Southern Hemisphere separated by a slice of the Pacific Ocean, sedation practices in Australia and New Zealand are similar and will be considered in a joint chapter. The two countries share related medical histories, practices, and conventions. Although medical registration bodies and medical regulatory agencies for drugs and devices are country-specific, there is common regulatory acceptance, and most professional bodies cover both countries including those professional colleges relevant to pediatric sedation. Where topics differ between countries, we will address this in the subsections concerned. While distinctly local approaches have evolved, sedation practice in Australia and New Zealand also draws on overseas standards and experience.