Following Peter Jackson (2013), we can say that ecology may be understood, in a scientific acceptation, as a branch of biology that focuses on relations between plants and animals. Ecology might also be seen as a sociological concept as developed by the Chicago School: a co-construction involving the physical environment, animals and human beings, as “milieu” in misology (Pelletier 2020 and Lefort 2020). In this Glossary we decided to define the concept somewhere in between these two conceptions. Peter Jackson underlined that researcher Warren Belasco, in his book In appetite for Change (1990), presented the history of how counterculture took on US food industry. Warren Belasco argued that the word ecology was not much used before the environmental crisis of the 1960s, when “it was lifted from the dusty academic shelves of abstract scientific definition to become a powerful breathing consciousness, including all things about death and survival, that no radical could avoid” (Belasco 2007: 21 in Jackson 2013: 72). In France, according to Marie Walser et al. in their book Une écologie de l’alimentation (2021: 127), the term “écologie” was first used in the 1970s by a few activists, in association with the emerging ecological crisis. The three CIRAD researchers explain that, since then, scientific ecology is being summoned to attempt to find solutions for global environmental problems. Groups of experts like the GIEC or IPBES (ibid.: 128) came into existence. Our Food2gather project partners, SaluTerre/Les Râteleurs, are part of this trend. According to them, it is urgent to transform the current dominant model of agriculture, as it is also urgent to transform consumption modes—connected to mass-produced food—that are constrained by large-scale distribution, in order to reduce food inequalities. They consider that environmental inequalities and social classes are closely linked. They work on practical advice that would make it possible for “the most vulnerable people” to access sustainable quality food through a sort of local and global “political ecology”. In their vision, and because the area of Ste-Foy-La-Grande, where they are situated, has long been a land of migrations, the position of migrant is not an issue per se, as it blends in with general social issues. Their presence being an obvious fact however makes them invisible and unthought-of. Migrants disappear in the global category of precariousness, which conceals the workings of the modern food chain built on the exploitation of a labour force, in agriculture, composed of racialised migrants and minorities.

Ecology

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发表日期：

2025年

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Chantal Crenn,
Sarah Marchiset,
Isabelle Téchoueyres,
Franck David

摘要

Following Peter Jackson (2013), we can say that ecology may be understood, in a scientific acceptation, as a branch of biology that focuses on relations between plants and animals. Ecology might also be seen as a sociological concept as developed by the Chicago School: a co-construction involving the physical environment, animals and human beings, as “milieu” in misology (Pelletier 2020 and Lefort 2020). In this Glossary we decided to define the concept somewhere in between these two conceptions. Peter Jackson underlined that researcher Warren Belasco, in his book In appetite for Change (1990), presented the history of how counterculture took on US food industry. Warren Belasco argued that the word ecology was not much used before the environmental crisis of the 1960s, when “it was lifted from the dusty academic shelves of abstract scientific definition to become a powerful breathing consciousness, including all things about death and survival, that no radical could avoid” (Belasco 2007: 21 in Jackson 2013: 72). In France, according to Marie Walser et al. in their book Une écologie de l’alimentation (2021: 127), the term “écologie” was first used in the 1970s by a few activists, in association with the emerging ecological crisis. The three CIRAD researchers explain that, since then, scientific ecology is being summoned to attempt to find solutions for global environmental problems. Groups of experts like the GIEC or IPBES (ibid.: 128) came into existence. Our Food2gather project partners, SaluTerre/Les Râteleurs, are part of this trend. According to them, it is urgent to transform the current dominant model of agriculture, as it is also urgent to transform consumption modes—connected to mass-produced food—that are constrained by large-scale distribution, in order to reduce food inequalities. They consider that environmental inequalities and social classes are closely linked. They work on practical advice that would make it possible for “the most vulnerable people” to access sustainable quality food through a sort of local and global “political ecology”. In their vision, and because the area of Ste-Foy-La-Grande, where they are situated, has long been a land of migrations, the position of migrant is not an issue per se, as it blends in with general social issues. Their presence being an obvious fact however makes them invisible and unthought-of. Migrants disappear in the global category of precariousness, which conceals the workings of the modern food chain built on the exploitation of a labour force, in agriculture, composed of racialised migrants and minorities.