Photogrammetry-Based Damage Detection for Plate-Like Structures
摘要
Photogrammetry is a noncontact technique that has the unique ability to provide spatially dense full-field measurements by tracking visible features presented on surfaces of a structure. Nevertheless, the process of surface preparation entails challenges but serves as a crucial prerequisite for effective feature tracking. Moreover, surface preparation may lead to unintended consequences, such as mass loading and permanent marks on the surface of the structure. In this chapter, a fully noncontact baseline-free damage detection method for plate-like structures is developed by tracking laser-projected features that provide a spatially dense measurement grid without any mass loading and permanent marks. A contactless excitation method is implemented by using an acoustic speaker to excite a plate-like structure at a frequency close to one of its natural frequencies. The displacements of the plate are measured by processing the images of the projected laser captured by a high-speed camera from which the operating deflection shape (ODS) of the plate is estimated. It has been well established that any local damage on a structure which can be characterized by a loss of stiffness results in local anomalies in the ODS of the structure, and this local defect can be manifested by observing the second derivative of the ODS, which is referred to as its curvature. Formulations for higher-order derivatives with different orders of accuracy including the second derivative are provided using central finite difference schemes. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method for identifying these local anomalies is thoroughly investigated and experimentally validated.