Mining and processing of larger volumes of material per tonne of product will inevitably be required to deal with declining ore grades. This intensifies the current problems associated with water and energy supplies. A greater amount of fine wet tailings would also be produced and require management. Integrating pre-concentration into the process flowsheet has the potential to reject barren materials as early in the process and as coarse a particle size as possible. This, in turn, could reduce transportation needs, improve plant feed grades, and reduce environmental footprint which ultimately maximises resource and eco-efficiency. A number of pre-concentration technologies are available, and the best option is very case and ore specific. The integration of different technologies into a single pre-concentration flowsheet could potentially be an option. The process of identifying the best option is not always direct. Instead, the evaluation of options should start wide and considers ore suitability, technology capability, and economic viability. This paper includes case studies that apply the methodology developed by the authors over the years that evaluates the pre-concentration options including assessment of ore heterogeneity using geostatistics, mathematical process modelling, preliminary layouts, cost estimates, and financial implications for the overall operation (mine, pre-concentration, and downstream processing).