Prior research has shown that microwave treatment diminishes the competency of kimberlites. However, there is a lack of information regarding the downstream processing of microwave-treated kimberlites. In this study, the microwave treatment of kimberlites at both the bench-scale and the pilot-scale was investigated. First, a comprehensive study of the kimberlite characteristics was conducted, including mineralogy, thermogravimetric analysis, and permittivities. Second, bench-scale microwave treatments were performed to investigate the heating behaviours of the kimberlites and their amenability to microwave treatment. Third, pilot-scale microwave studies were conducted to weaken the kimberlite by inducing microfractures along the grain boundaries. This weakened kimberlite requires less comminution energy, which could potentially lead to a reduction in diamond breakage and damage. Fourth, comparative comminution studies were performed on both the as-received (reference) and the pilot-scale microwave (PMW) treated samples, utilizing jaw and cone crushers followed by high-pressure grinding rolls (HPGR). These results demonstrated that the microwave-treated samples consumed less energy and generated fewer ultrafine particles (<38 μm) than the reference samples. Fifth, the coarse particles (>1 mm) were separated into both the concentrate (sinks) and the tails (floats) via dense media separation (DMS) with both fractions being subjected to liberation analysis. Sixth, the fine particles (<1 mm) were utilized in the settling studies. Finally, some conclusions and key findings are presented as well as recommendations for further research.