Titanium alloys, specifically Ti–6Al–4V, are widely used in the aerospace industry due to their exceptional high-temperature and strain fatigue properties, combined with a relatively low density. With the recent emergence of additive manufacturing technology, the aerospace industry is increasingly adopting this technique for fabricating Ti–6Al–4V parts, allowing for greater design freedom compared to conventional techniques. However, one of the challenges is determining its high strain rate and high-temperature properties, similar to the environment in which the parts are in service. Therefore, in this work, a compressive split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) technique equipped with an infrared radiation furnace was employed to dynamically test as-printed and heat-treated Ti–6Al–4V alloy samples, fabricated using the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process. The results of this work established the dependence of dynamic mechanical properties on the microstructural features of the Ti–6Al–4V alloy. Moreover, the dynamic response at elevated temperatures has been investigated, specifically at strain rates and temperature ranges of 200–2500 s−1 and 25–400 °C, respectively.