AlSi10Mg, an aluminum alloy containing silicon and magnesium, offers a combination of lightweight, high strength, excellent thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, machinability, and weldability, making it a valuable material in aerospace, marine, and various other industries. This study investigates the damage evolution and failure mechanisms of AlSi10Mg alloys fabricated through selective laser melting technology under quasi-static uniaxial tension. To replicate the tensile test, a finite element model is developed. By treating the damage parameters as design variables, the constants of the damage model are determined by minimizing the root mean square discrepancy between experimental and finite element model predicted responses. The Bonora damage model, based on continuum damage mechanics, is employed to estimate the damage evolution and material softening throughout the process. Additionally, the presence of defects not only alters the mechanical properties but also impacts the tensile behavior of the printed components.