Titanium alloys combine outstanding mechanical properties with corrosion resistance and biocompatibility and are, therefore, used in many challenging applications. Nevertheless, especially in medical engineering, well-tailored properties such as a moderate Young’s modulus in combination with high strength and ductility are needed to ensure excellent osseointegration and minimize bacterial infections. For lightweight applications, on the other hand, a higher Young’s modulus, high strength, and sufficient ductility are needed. To fulfil the beforementioned requirements, the use of β-rich titanium alloys in combination with advanced thermo-mechanical production routes might be advisable. Weight reduction can be achieved by the application of additive manufacturing for which alloy development can be helpful to reduce anisotropy. In the present paper, related alloy and process design strategies performed at the Institute for Materials Science of the Technische Universität Braunschweig are discussed at four different examples, namely (1) the production of nano-structured Ti–13Nb–13Zr by equal channel angular swaging (ECAS) followed by recrystallization and ageing treatments to obtain a defined surface with a roughness close to 100 nm, (2) the application of martensite decomposition to increase the strength of Ti–6Al–2Sn–4Zr–6Mo, (3) the elaboration of a thermo-mechanical treatment procedure for Ti–36Nb–2Ta–3Zr–0.3O, and (4) the development of high-strength alloys based on CP-Titanium containing oxygen, iron, and molybdenum as major alloying elements for additive manufacturing.