In the recent years, the world has been challenged with various severe diseases caused by pathogenic viruses such as Ebola, Zika, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2 demonstrating the urgent need for viral diagnostic technologies in medical sanitation and food applications. Such substantial demand was addressed by the fast-growing virus diagnostic research on biosensors utilizing a wide variety of transducers including electrochemical, optical, and piezoelectric systems. Furthermore, molecularly imprinted polymers targeting pathogenic viruses became favorable as a more durable and cost-effective alternative to natural recognition elements in biosensing applications. Virus-imprinted polymers are often combined with nanoparticles, metal–organic frameworks, quantum dots, and graphene derivatives to enhance diagnostic performance. In this chapter, while reviewing the current trends in MIP-based virus diagnostics, we discuss the working principles of a range of virus biosensors by focusing on transducer properties, fabrication methods, and nanostructures involved to provide a deep understanding of MIP-based virus targeting diagnostic platforms.