The greater one-horned rhino was a species in need of conservation in India and Nepal, where it is currently found in the wild. This rhino species has been threatened by well-organized groups of hunters, traders and smugglers, and the population in India and Nepal has suffered at times. Prolonged socio-political unrest around rhino range areas in India and Nepal has led to the total extirpation of rhino populations from the Laokhowa Wildlife Sanctuary in Assam, India in the 1980s and from Manas National Park in Assam in the late 1990s. Even Chitwan National Park and Bardia National Park suffered a decline in rhino population during the 2000s due to prolonged socio-political unrest in Nepal. However, due to proactive steps initiated by the Governments of India and Nepal, despite the threats posed to GOH rhinos by poachers and wildlife smugglers, the rhino population in India and Nepal has grown steadily to over 4000 individuals in the wild. Rhino range expansion through capture and reintroduction/translocation of rhinos in India and Nepal has further cemented rhino conservation efforts.