“The most hospitable of cities”: Ralph Waldo Emerson and Paris
摘要
The influenceSowerwine, Charles of ConcordConcord and Boston on the works of Ralph Waldo EmersonEmerson, Ralph Waldo is well known. Less appreciated is the impact that ParisParis, France, had on this preeminent ParisAmerican Transcendentalist writer. Although he made only three visits to the city in 18331833, 18481848, and 18731873, his experiences in Paris were crucial to his development as a professional lecturer and essayist. Scholars previously have noted the connection between Paris and his four natural historynatural history lectureslectures (1833–1834) in Boston. However, the influence of Paris on Emerson’s Essays, Series I(Emerson) (1841), particularly “Art” and “History,” and Representative Men(Emerson) (1850), notably “Montaigne; or, the Skeptic\“Montaigne\; or, the Skeptic\” (Emerson)” and “Napoleon; or, the Man of the World\“Napoleon\; or, the Man of the World\” (Emerson),” has yet to be examined. Using Emerson’s lettersletters and journalsjournals as well as these essaysessays, the chapter argues that Paris inspired Emerson to value his individual experiences and utilize them as a lens through which he contemplated philosophical questions about historyhistory, artart, faith, and power.