This chapter introduces the volume by theorising non-motherhood, outlining existing scholarship on the topic, and presenting the chapters in the volume. While feminist theory has paid close attention to motherhood and mothering, there has been less rigorous focus on non-motherhood, and research has typically focused on either involuntary or voluntary non-motherhood. This volume seeks to deconstruct the barriers between these two positions, instead allowing them to enter into dialogue with each other. It unites scholars from different disciplines and national contexts in the study of non-motherhood across a variety of materials and from diverse perspectives. The chapters draw attention to the fact that non-motherhood cannot be defined as a singular experience, and they carefully engage in the probing and widening of the term ‘non-motherhood’ itself. By including representations and experiences that are not usually discussed as part of the research field on non-motherhood, such as secondary infertility, miscarriage, and perinatal loss, the volume expands the definition of non-motherhood. Moreover, it interrogates social and cultural norms that continue to conflate motherhood with womanhood and creates a space where the silenced stories of non-mothers can be articulated and where non-mothers can claim an identity that is legitimate.