This chapter looks at recycling of thermoplastics from a practitioner’s point of view, going beyond reduce and reuse strategies and applying the fundamental objectives of the waste hierarchy to maintain the value of resources at their highest and best use. In the first section, we address the current realities of plastic recycling and review the primary bottlenecks. In the subsequent sections, we illustrate the necessary building blocks to increase the circularity of plastics worldwide and the benefits of creating closed-loop systems, including a significant reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, we demonstrate how advanced mechanical recycling proves to be a viable method for creating virgin-like recycled plastic from all waste streams, including mixed municipal solid waste. To fully understand circular plastics, we need to look at two key elements of recycling processes: (i) collection methods and (ii) sorting and treatment methods. From informal economies with waste pickers to household collection bins and technologically advanced reverse vending machines, the collection of postconsumer plastic for recycling varies significantly throughout the world. Increasing circularity requires a Holistic Resource Systems approach, which includes closed-loop recycling systems and advanced mechanical recycling of plastics from dedicated waste streams and mixed municipal solid waste.