Environmental Hotspots of Cleaning Operations for Beer Barrels
摘要
This research focuses on the cleaning methods used in beer tap lines during the consumption stage and compares the life cycle environmental impacts of an automated cleaning process versus a conventional (manual) cleaning process, both applied to beer barrels. For this purpose, the life cycle assessment methodology is adopted as described in ISO 14040 - ISO 14044. CCaLC2 software and CML 2001 method are used. Carbon footprint, eutrophication potential, acidification potential and water usage are the examined impact categories. The functional unit used in this study is the cleaning of 4 beer kegs. The manual keg line cleaning system is employed to effectively clean the dirty keg lines found in a bar. The cleaning teams arrive at the bar where the keg line to be cleaned is located and they prepare cleaning agents made up of water and caustic and perform the cleaning manually producing domestic wastewater. The automated keg line cleaning system is a device that can be operated with electricity when the keg line requires cleaning. It eliminates the need for a cleaning team. The usage of automated cleaning device instead of manual cleaning operations is found to lower water usage, carbon footprint and acidification potentials by 52, 47 and 13%, respectively. On the other hand, an increase of 43% is obtained for eutrophication potential when automated cleaning is applied in place of manual cleaning. The findings of this study can be used to identify opportunities for selecting a method for cleaning beer kegs that has a lower environmental impact.