Data from the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study 2022 were used to conduct multivariate analyses to investigate how contextual, as well as other learning-related factors, influence students’ civic knowledge and their expected political participation as adults. For civic knowledge, a multilevel analysis was conducted including students’ background factors, aspects of their civic learning experiences outside and at school, as well as aggregated student perceptions of their schools’ learning contexts. Results show consistently positive effects of socioeconomic background at student and school level on civic knowledge, that were of similar strength as in ICCS 2016. Among the student-level variables related to civic learning, students’ perceptions of an open classroom climate for discussions as well as their experience with voting in school or classroom elections were positive predictors, even after controlling for background variables. Multiple regression models were used to analyze variation in students’ expected electoral participation and their expected active political participation, using variables related to students’ background, information-related variables (e.g. use of media), variables related to experience with participation, perceptions of the political system and institutions, and dispositions toward engagement (including civic knowledge). While students background variables showed less consistent associations with both types of expected participation, among students’ perceptions of the political system and its institutions, trust in civic institutions had the most consistent positive associations with both expected electoral and expected active political participation. Both types of expected participation had positive associations with civic interest, citizenship self-efficacy and beliefs in the importance of conventional citizenship behavior. Civic knowledge was consistently a positive predictor of expectations to vote but negatively associated with expected active political engagement.