With a total area of about 173,000 km2 and contributing roughly 60% of streamflow to the Nile basinNile Basin, the Abbay BasinAbbay Basin is one of the significant transboundary rivers for both upstream and downstream countries. However, rugged topography, poor land managementLand management practices and high erosive rainfall, and an agricultural dominated land useLand use system made the basin highly vulnerable to surface runoffSurface runoff and soil erosionSoil erosion that negatively affect agricultural production and water resourcesWater resources availability. Land managementLand management strategies have been planned and implemented by the Ethiopian government in the upstream part of the Abbay BasinAbbay Basin for the last couple of decades to minimize theEffects of soil erostion effects of soil erosionSoil erosion. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of these approaches is not precisely known and quantified. Therefore, this review was intended to assess approaches of soil erosionSoil erosion and sediment yield estimationSediment yield estimation, the status and extent of soil erosionSoil erosion and sediment yieldSediment yield, and the effectiveness of land managementLand management strategies being implemented in the Abbay BasinAbbay Basin. The results highlight that empirical models like the Revised Universal Soil Loss EquationUniversal soil loss equation (RUSLE), Sediment Delivery ration (SDR), and SoilSoil and Water Assessment Tools (SWATsSoil and Water Analysis Tools (SWAT)) are the widely used models for estimating soil lossSoil loss and sediment yieldSediment yield in the Abbay BasinAbbay Basin. Furthermore, the results of the studies showed that soil erosionSoil erosion remains severe in the basin, despite several government-sponsored land managementLand management strategies. This could be partly attributed to inappropriate design of the soil and water conservationSoil and water conservation (SWC) practices, lack of considering local conditions, lack of continuous monitoring, and top-down approaches. Therefore, for the effectiveness of the land managementLand management practices, proper planningPlanning and design, continuous maintenance, community-based sustainable land managementSustainable land management, and integration of different soil and water conservation (SWC) practices are highly required. Moreover, the soil erosionSoil erosion and sediment yieldSediment yield status of the basin should be estimated more precisely using improved state-of-the-art machine learningMachine learning algorithms.