Road transport is one of the leading sources of air pollution and climate change. The transition to clean energy sources is a key task to mitigate the impact of transport on the environment. For more than 100 years, mankind has operated cars with an internal combustion engine (ICE), which are a source of environmental pollution. In the article, the elements of harmful substances emitted by internal combustion engines are analyzed and structured. The article proves that the further development of road transport in terms of improvement and minimization of emissions from internal combustion engines, as well as strict regulation of the limits of these types, is insufficient and ineffective from the point of view of preserving clean air. The article proposes a transition to different types of electric cars, as well as analyzes and suggests ways to optimize refueling of electric rolling stock. This article is based on the research of the Department of Management of the National Transport University in the field of road transport ecology. The article discusses various strategies for the transition of road transport to clean energy sources: the development of electric vehicles and other vehicles powered by alternative energy sources, the implementation of infrastructure for charging electric vehicles, the development of clean public transport, and the promotion of the use of alternative modes of transport. The transition to clean energy sources for road transport is a complex task that requires the efforts of all stakeholders. However, this task is necessary to protect the environment and ensure sustainable development. The article offers a step-by-step approach to the transition of motor vehicles from internal combustion engines to vehicles with environmentally friendly engines, scientifically based strategies for innovative development and transition of motor vehicles to environmentally friendly energy sources are considered and proposed.