Weak governance and leadership, poor prioritization, lack of political will, lack of mental health awareness and research, limited mental health services, and limited funding are major obstacles to mental health policy development in Africa. Effective mental health policies would strengthen the health system and create mental health services that are responsive to community needs. Mental health research to guide practice and strategies to create accessible and sustainable services such as primary health care integration are cornerstones for effective mental health policy. This chapter sheds light on the policy development process and key stakeholder analysis and discusses the role of good governance for effective mental health policy. Implementation of the proposed measures could help address obstacles to policy development across the African continent.