This chapter overviews molecular breeding efforts focused on enhancing carotenoid content in sweetpotato. SweetpotatoSweet potato is a widely cultivated crop known for its adaptability to diverse climates and soil conditions, making it a staple food in many regions worldwide. SweetpotatoSweet potato also offers notable nutritional and health benefitsHealth benefits, owing to its rich content of essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Of particular interest is β-carotene, a precursor of vitamin AVitamin A, abundant in orange-fleshed sweetpotato varieties. A vital nutrient for human health, β-carotene serves as a key focus in efforts to enhance the nutritional quality of sweetpotato. Identification and expression of carotenoid biosynthesis genes provide valuable insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying carotenoid accumulation and starch metabolism in sweetpotato storage roots. Through breeding, researchers can develop sweetpotato varieties with elevated β-carotene content, improving their nutritional value and health-promoting properties. Future directions in molecular breeding of carotenoids in sweetpotato will involve the integration of advanced genetic tools and technologies to accelerate trait improvement and meet the evolving nutritional needs of diverse populations. This, in combination with other tools such as gene editingGene editing, holds promise for enhancing β-carotene content in sweetpotato to address malnutrition and promote public health initiatives globally.