Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) and the Crohn’s capsule endoscopy system are feasible means to diagnose inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and neoplastic diseases of the colon. This chapter focuses on the significance of colon capsule endoscopy and the Crohn’s capsule endoscopy system against the background of established diagnostic methods, suggests integration into the diagnostic work-up, and delineates the impact of scientific data on clinical decision-making. Traditional colonoscopy has been the gold standard for the evaluation of the colon for polyps, cancer, and inflammation. However, the complete investigation of the colon, the small bowel, and parts of the upper gastrointestinal tract is a major advantage of Crohn’s capsule system in diagnosing IBD. Applied with high expertise and a high technical standard, CCE is a noninvasive, an accurate, and safe diagnostic procedure with a high success rate. In addition, CCE is useful in patients with incomplete flexible colonoscopy or with an increased risk for sedation. Impaired coagulation might also favor CCE in some clinical situations. The Covid-19 pandemic highlights hygienic aspects of diagnostic modalities, and the single use capsule endoscope serves many of those requirements. Integration of artificial intelligence in capsule endoscopy is adding value of CCE.