The esophageal video capsule (PillCam ESO) is a capsule developed for the visualization of esophageal disorders, similar in design to the small bowel capsule developed by Given Imaging. Specific ingestion protocols have been developed with the main aim to prolong the capsule’s passage through the esophagus. Two cameras and a high frame as used in colon capsule are further helpful in detecting lesions. Applications for esophageal capsule endoscopy are screening for esophagitis, for Barrett’s esophagus, and for esophageal varices. Studies conducted on both Barrett’s esophagus and the detection and grading of esophageal varices found sensitivity rates around 80–85% and specificities around 90%, slightly lower than rates for optical endoscopy that were published earlier. A second generation of the capsule was developed, which captures more frames per second and has a broader angle of view. Over the years, a third-generation capsule for the upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract has been developed by Medtronic, as well as two generations of an UGI magnetic capsule by Ankon and later by Jinshan from China and by IntroMedic from Korea. A string capsule for the esophagus was introduced in 2005, and recently, pilot studies using a detachable string magnetically controlled capsule have been reported.