The Balsas River Basin in Mexico is the center of origin and diversification of the Bursera genus. Of the more than 80 species naturally found in Mexico, at least two (Bursera bipinnata and Bursera copallifera) have been used by local inhabitants for over 2000 years to extract copal, an aromatic resin. This resin is used in rituals and medicine, and the copal trees are used to provide shade, as insect repellent, and for live fences, boundaries, and barriers. While the current and historical uses of copal trees have been documented, their traditional management has been overlooked by science. However, over the past decade, the research group of the chapter’s authors has documented the diversity of copal tree management practices, which can occur at the individual, population, or landscape levels. Management at the individual tree level seeks to increase the quantity of resin production and improve resin quality. These practices influence selective processes resulting in morphological, physiological, and reproductive differences between wild and managed populations in situ. These divergences allow us to conclude that copal management is an example of incipient domestication in plants. At the landscape level, copal trees are part of an integrated management strategy for the tropical deciduous forests through the establishment of agroforestry systems that provide multiple provisioning and other ecosystem benefits. This chapter highlights the selective processes in these species, which may result in the incipient domestication of perennial plants used in rituals and that form part of the biocultural heritage of traditional Mesoamerican peoples.