Alopecia areata is an immune-mediated disease resulting from the interaction of genetic factors and exogenous triggers, leading to the activation of the Janus Kinases—Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription signaling pathway, the formation of non-specific autoimmune inflammation and disruption of immune tolerance of hair follicles. Alopecia areata (AA) has an unpredictable course with a non-scarring type of hair loss, it can affect the hair part of the head and/or hair in other areas, it can be manifested by damage to the nail plates. The psychotraumatic impact of this disease can be compared to the consequences of life-threatening or disabling diseases. For this reason, the degree of negative impact of alopecia areata on the quality of life may not correlate with the objective condition of patients, which is often not taken into account in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Despite the variety of treatment options available, achieving effective and safe disease control is not always straightforward. Treating patients with alopecia areata and comorbid conditions can be particularly challenging and may require close collaboration between specialists from various fields. For these and other reasons, there is significant dissatisfaction among patients regarding alopecia areata and its treatment. The degree of AA negative impact on QoL may not correlate with the objective severity of patient's condition, which is often not taken into account in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. The authors of this chapter present two algorithms: a diagnostic algorithm and a therapeutic algorithm, which provide a differentiated approach to AA patient management, taken into account age, disease severity, clinical form, disease activity stage, comorbid pathology, prognostic factors, and patient quality of life.