Understanding the dynamics of agricultural systems and their impact on society is critical for making informed decisions and achieving long-term growth. This study emphasizes the importance of using integrated approaches in agricultural productivity for socioeconomic development, such as field investigations, data collection, questionnaire surveys, and personal interviews. Remote sensing allow efficient monitoring of large agricultural areas thereby assisting in land management decisions. The study utilized satellite imageries to categorize the Brahmaputra River Basin into four classes: waterbody, dry sandbar, cropland, and vegetation. The analysis showed a decrease in dry sandbar areas from ~ 36% to ~ 27% and an increase in vegetation cover from ~ 39% to ~ 50% over the years. Field investigations provide essential insights into the challenges and opportunities faced by farmers by closely analyzing agricultural methods and their on-ground repercussions. Through surveys and interviews, factors affecting production, such as access to resources, market conditions, transportation and climate change adaption techniques, were identified and these factors were vital in understanding the challenges faced by farming communities and developing interventions tailored to their needs. Therefore, for a comprehensive understanding of agricultural productivity and its impact on socioeconomic development, an integrated approach is critical. These strategies work in tandem to bridge the gap between ground-level reality and large-scale data analysis. Based on such detailed studies, informed decision-making is essential for developing policies and strategies that support sustainable agricultural development, food security, and overall socioeconomic progress.