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Gynecomastia is discussed from the perspective of causation, clinical and laboratory assessment, and management. Operative details of liposuction and direct excision are detailed. The chest wall deformities of Poland’s syndrome and pectus excavatum are discussed, including management variants based on degree of deformity.

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Gynecomastia, Congenital Breast, and Chest Wall

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Edward Luce

摘要

Gynecomastia is discussed from the perspective of causation, clinical and laboratory assessment, and management. Operative details of liposuction and direct excision are detailed. The chest wall deformities of Poland’s syndrome and pectus excavatum are discussed, including management variants based on degree of deformity.