In our interconnected world, critical infrastructure systems are essential for modern societies. However, they face increasing threats, from cyberattacks to natural disasters. To address these challenges, the EU-CIP (Critical Infrastructure Protection) mission, a 3-year Coordination and Support Action funded by the European Commission, was initiated in October 2022. This chapter presents preliminary findings from the EU-CIP-ANALYSIS activities, shedding light on the evolving landscape of critical infrastructure protection. Preliminary findings reveal key needs, including adaptability, faster responses, and improved detection capabilities. Capability gaps include poor automation and inadequate control over interconnected assets. To address these needs and gaps, the EU-CIP mission has identified a range of state-of-the-art technologies and tools, including cyber-physical threat intelligence, security risk assessment, impact assessment tools, digital twins, anomaly detection, and machine learning for pattern detection. These technologies hold the potential to significantly enhance the resilience and security of critical infrastructure systems. This chapter provides valuable insights into the evolving landscape of critical infrastructure protection and resilience, highlighting the importance of innovative solutions and collaboration among stakeholders in safeguarding the vital systems that underpin modern societies.