Drug trafficking is a serious threat to the security and well-being of the European Union’s citizens. Organised criminal groups involved in drug trafficking exploit new information and communication technologies to evade law enforcement agencies and use the profits from illegal drugs to fund other criminal activities. This chapter presents the findings and policy recommendations of the work performed by the Mediterranean and Black Sea Network of security practitioners. The research performed focuses on the operational challenges and the capability gaps experienced in the fight against drug trafficking, and specifically heroin trafficking from Asia to Europe through the Balkan route. The chapter outlines the methodology used by the network of practitioners to first identify and then analyse the security gaps and challenges they are currently experiencing. Research and academia support security practitioners to develop a series of policy recommendations required to overcome these challenges. The policy recommendations focused on interconnecting existing security databases, expanding the mandate of Passenger Information Units to other modes of transport, harmonising and advancing the lawful interception process, better regulating the end-to-end encryption in modern communication channels, and developing a framework for the seizure of cryptocurrencies. The chapter concludes that enhancing information exchange and cooperation between security stakeholders at the national and EU levels, as well as developing advanced technological solutions in the fields of intelligence analysis, scanning of freights and intercepting criminal communications, are essential for combating drug trafficking effectively.