The pattern of interleaved ridges and valleys on the tip of a finger is referred to as a fingerprint. The systematic use of these patterns for personal identification was promoted in the late nineteenth to early twentieth century, although the discovery of human fingerprints on a large number of archaeological artifacts suggests that ancient people were aware of the potential individuality of fingerprints. While fingerprints were originally acquired by rolling an inked fingertip on the surface of a paper, advances in sensor technology have resulted in the design of compact and low-cost optical and solid-state sensors that can rapidly image the fingertip and generate digital renditions of fingerprints for automated analysis. This chapter discusses the technologies used for fingerprint imaging, types of features extracted from digital images of the fingerprint, techniques for classifying fingerprint images, and methods for automated feature extraction and matching of fingerprint images.