Immunopathology in ruminants encompasses immunodeficiencies, hypersensitivity reactions, and autoimmune diseases. These disorders can be influenced by genetic or environmental factors. Primary immunodeficiencies involve diseases such as Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency, Severe Combined Immunodeficiency andChédiak-Higashi Syndrome, among others. Secondary immunodeficiencies may arise from malnutrition, environmental conditions or infections affecting immune cells. Hypersensitivity reactions are classified into type I, II III and IV, characterized by different causes, mechanisms of immunological component and timing responses. Autoimmune diseases are driven by a failure in immunological tolerance by the presence of an inappropriate functional response upon previous exposure to the antigen.