In this chapter, we look into the historical aspects and current trends of adaptation and personalization in human-centric AI. First, we distinguish the terms adaptation and personalization. Then we proceed on providing historical context on how adaptation evolved and personalization became a-kind-of adaptation. We further present the current trends, especially those based on human-centric aspects, which we refer to as theory-driven personalization. Finally, we critically assess the threats to adaptive and personalized human-centric AI and provide an outlook into the future.