Invasive Candida infections (ICIs) have undergone several epidemiological and clinical changes over recent decades, with an increase of non-albicans species and an emerging rate of resistance to antifungals. Surgical patients may be at risk of specific ICIs, such as intra-abdominal candidiasis following abdominal surgery, prosthetic valve endocarditis following cardiothoracic surgery, prosthetic joint infections following orthopedic surgery and shunt-related meningitis/ventriculitis following neurosurgery. Hematogenous spread during candidemia as a consequence of the passage of Candida spp. from the gut into the circulation or through intraoperative contamination (endogenous and exogenous pathways, respectively) are the principal pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the development of ICIs in surgical patients. Diagnosis of ICIs is challenging due to the non-specific signs and symptoms and the low rates of concomitant candidemia. Once diagnosed, early and appropriate antifungal therapy along with adequate source control are the mainstay of treatment.