Double-Inflection Saddles and Parabola Saddles
摘要
In this chapter, the double-infection saddles, parabola saddle and third-order parabola saddles in crossing and product cubic systems are discussed, and the corresponding switching dynamics in such cubic systems are presented through the infinite-equilibriums. The double-inflection saddles, parabola saddles, and third-order parabola saddles are the appearing bifurcations. The double-inflection saddles are the appearing and switching bifurcations for up and down-parabola saddles and also the appearing bifurcation for a matrix of two saddles and two centers. Parabola saddles are the appearing and switching bifurcations of saddle and center. The third-order parabola saddles are (i) the appearing and switching bifurcations of a parabola saddle and a double-inflection saddle, (ii) the appearing bifurcations of three connected parabola saddles, and (iii) the appearing bifurcations of (2×3)-network of simple saddles and centers. The switching bifurcations of such series of parabola saddle, double-inflection saddle, and inflection-source (sink) flows are discussed. The inflection-source (sink) infinite-equilibriums are the switching bifurcations of parabola saddles with paralleled inflection-source (sink) flows. The parabola-source (sink) infinite-equilibriums are the switching bifurcations for a double-inflection saddle with a paralleled inflection-source (sink) flow. The third-order inflection-source (sink) infinite-equilibriums are the switching bifurcations of a third-order parabola saddle with a paralleled inflection-source (sink) flow.