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So far, the law of conservation of energy, i.e. the first law of thermodynamics, has been discussed, which quantifies the changeability of energy. However, this convertibility is limited, so that thermal energy cannot be completely converted into mechanical energy in a steady state or cyclical process respectively. The second law of thermodynamics can be applied to evaluate the limitations of energy conversion. In Chap. 15 a clockwise Carnot machine has been presented: A machine operating between two thermal reservoirs to convert thermal energy into maximum mechanical work. The best possible efficiency is determined solely by the minimum and maximum temperature between which the machine operates. This principle is important to understand the thermodynamic idea of exergy as the maximum working capability of any form of energy. The significance of exergy is presented in this chapter.

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Exergy

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Achim Schmidt

摘要

So far, the law of conservation of energy, i.e. the first law of thermodynamics, has been discussed, which quantifies the changeability of energy. However, this convertibility is limited, so that thermal energy cannot be completely converted into mechanical energy in a steady state or cyclical process respectively. The second law of thermodynamics can be applied to evaluate the limitations of energy conversion. In Chap. 15 a clockwise Carnot machine has been presented: A machine operating between two thermal reservoirs to convert thermal energy into maximum mechanical work. The best possible efficiency is determined solely by the minimum and maximum temperature between which the machine operates. This principle is important to understand the thermodynamic idea of exergy as the maximum working capability of any form of energy. The significance of exergy is presented in this chapter.