Anteromedial knee instability can result from a variety of pathology including injuries of the superficial medial collateral ligament, posteromedial corner, posterior oblique ligament, or injury to the medial aspect of the knee with a concurrent cruciate ligament injury. These injuries are often associated with excess tibial and valgus rotation, and they can result from contact or noncontact sports. Understanding the anatomy and biomechanics of the medial aspect of the knee and its relationship with the cruciate ligaments is critical for clinical examination and when choosing a treatment option. Historically, injuries to the medial aspect of the knee have often been successfully managed non-operatively. However, severe injuries of the superficial medial collateral ligament treated without surgery are at an increased risk for developing complications such as osteoarthritis. A variety of surgical techniques are used in the treatment of isolated superficial medial collateral ligament injuries as well as for medial knee injuries with a concurrent cruciate ligament injury. Regardless of the surgical technique used, a strict rehabilitation protocol must be followed for optimal recovery and return of native knee function.