Nine hundred physicians attend each Olympic Summer Game and the majority are sports medicine physicians. Although the International Olympic Committee has a two-year diploma course in sports medicine available online with practical training, assignments, and a final exam, many of our sports medicine colleagues are doing the Olympic Games without other skills than the medical school and specialty training and experience. Thus, this chapter is written to prepare you for the tasks of being an Olympic Games physician. The chapter will reference the most important epidemiology papers from the Olympic Games as well as give you numbers on high-risk and low-risks sports. It will inform you of the periodic health exams and discuss translations challenges in applying the positive results of the prevention studies (overall 50% reduction in injuries) to your team. Finally, it will look at future directions in this field. An increasing number of sport physicians work more than 50% of their time for national teams. This increases the knowledge base both from research and practical experience. This put demands on physicians from smaller national teams and increases the need for cooperation between colleagues and national teams.