This final chapter concludes Artificial Intelligence: Principals and Practice by going back to AI’s beginnings to better understand the foundations, current concerns, and future promise of our discipline. The AI community is supported by the intellectual labors of generations of scholars. As noted in Part I, artificial intelligence is particularly indebted to the logical positivist traditions in mathematics and philosophy. AI is the product of the engineers who built the first general purpose computers. AI is built on the insights of the cognitive scientists and psychologists who have provided important clues to the marvelous puzzles that comprise human intelligence.