Porcine sapelovirus (PSV), also known as Sapelovirus anglia, was first identified in the UK during the 1950s. The PSV genome is a non-enveloped, icosahedral virion with a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome spanning approximately 7.5–8.3 kb. Epidemiological studies reveal widespread distribution globally, with prevalence rates varying significantly. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic to severe gastrointestinal, neurological, respiratory, and reproductive disorders, often complicated by coinfections with other pathogens. Diagnosis relies on RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR assays, with recent advancements including metagenomic sequencing and immunological assays. Phylogenetic analyses indicate the geographic clustering of strains. PSV is not zoonotic; domestic pigs and wild boars are the only known hosts. With no current vaccine, control measures focus on strict biosecurity and effective disinfection protocols. To develop better prevention and control strategies, further research is needed to understand PSV’s evolutionary patterns, pathogenesis, and host immune responses.