Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a severe zoonotic disease caused by MERS-CoV. MERS-CoV belongs to lineage C of the genus Betacoronavirus in the family Coronaviridae. Its genome is approximately 30 kilobases in length and contains 10 open reading frames (ORFs). Infected individuals primarily exhibit acute respiratory symptoms, including fever and coughing, with severe cases potentially leading to respiratory failure and even life-threatening conditions. Since its initial identification in Saudi Arabia in 2012, reported cases have steadily accumulated worldwide, with an estimated mortality of around 36%, making MERS one of the most lethal coronaviruses known. MERS cases have been reported in 27 countries so far. As global economic integration advances, the risk of virus transmission and outbreaks persists. Given its high pathogenicity and potential for human-to-human transmission, proactive preventive and control measures remain essential.