The lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), a member of the Poxviridae family and genus Capripoxvirus, causes lumpy skin disease (LSD), primarily affecting bovine (Bos indicus and B. taurus), water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), and some wild ruminants. LSD is a notifiable and economically significant disease according to the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH). Following its initial report in Zambia in 1929, LSD began to circulate throughout the African continent, causing an epidemic in most African countries for an extended period. In 1989, the disease continued to spread from Egypt to Israel eventually into the Middle East across the African continent. Six years later, the LSDV pandemic disseminated across the Middle East, Southern Europe, Western and Central Asia, and Southeast Asia. Due to the significant risk posed by the global epidemic, it is essential to delineate the characteristics of this disease. This chapter provides a concise summary of the history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnostics. It also addresses appropriate preventative and control strategies, intending to enhance future study on LSD.