Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) belongs to the genus Orthopneumovirus within the family Pneumoviridae. The virus contains a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome that encodes 11 proteins including nonstructural (NS1 and NS2) proteins, the fusion (F), glycoprotein (G), small hydrophobic (SH), nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), polymerase (L), matrix (M), and two matrix-associated proteins (M2-1 and M2-2). BRSV is distributed worldwide and exhibits high prevalence in cattle populations. BRSV strains are classified into genetic subgroups based on sequence variability in the glycoprotein G gene and undergo continuous evolution, partially driven by immune pressure from vaccination. As a major cause of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex, clinical presentations of BRSV range from subclinical infections to severe respiratory distress, particularly causing interstitial pneumonia. Prompt diagnosis of BRSV has been progressed with higher sensitivity and shorter turn-around time. Vaccines have been showing mixed but promising results and requiring improvements. Identification of prophylactic and therapeutic compounds as well as vaccine targets in the context of BRD control and prevention requires additional mechanistic insights.