Avian leukosis virus (ALV), a member of the retrovirus genus within the Retroviridae family, shares the same family with HIV. Chickens infected with ALV typically show symptoms such as immune suppression, growth retardation, and tumors in multiple organs and tissues, ultimately leading to decreased production performance or the failure of vaccine immunizations. Despite being one of the earliest discovered tumorigenic viruses, there are still no effective antiviral drugs or vaccines available for ALV, resulting in significant economic losses to the global poultry industry. Currently, prevention measures for ALV primarily involve pathogen detection, eradication of infected chickens, and purification of breeding poultry. However, with technological advancements, new strategies for combating ALV constantly emerge.