Feline coronaviruses (FCoVs) are single-stranded positive RNA viruses classified under family Coronaviridae, genus Alphacoronavirus. Recombination among FCoVs has led to two distinct serotypes, with FCoV I and FCoV II differing in their prevalence, virulence, and geographical distribution. Both serotypes can be either FECV (feline enteric coronavirus) or FIPV (Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus), depending on their virulence. FECV typically causes mild intestinal symptoms in cats and is widely spread through fecal-oral transmission, with nearly universal infection rates in multicat environments. Several factors, such as cat population density, gender, breed, age, stress levels, and immunosuppressive conditions, are known to influence the infection rate. During persistent FECV infection within individual cats, certain mutations can give rise to FIPV, leading to the development of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a severe and often fatal systemic disease characterized by widespread inflammation in the peritoneal cavity. The mechanisms of the immune response, including antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), excessive immune complex deposition, and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS), play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of FIP. Due to nonspecific clinical sighs and laboratory changes, antemortem diagnosis of FIP remains complex and often elusive, requiring a combination of clinical signs, risk factors, and laboratory tests. Preventive measures include minimizing stress, controlling concurrent infections like Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and maintaining rigorous hygiene protocols. Effective therapeutics is now available.