Nutritional Considerations in Geriatric Dermatology
摘要
Nutritional status impacts skin aging significantly. Optimal nutrition promotes maintenance of the components of the skin that are vital to its function, while suboptimal nutrition can cause deleterious effects to the skin structure and function. The decline in skin elasticity and collagen content that occurs in aging skin is impacted by nutritional status and dietary components, including macro- and micronutrients which are essential for the maintenance of the dermis. Inadequate intake of these essential nutrients, or overconsumption of foods that cause harm to dermal proteins, accelerate the skin aging process and its loss of function. Aging and comorbidities may impact wound healing in the form of nutritional deficiencies, notably protein, carbohydrates, vitamins C and A, zinc, and copper, which are crucial for collagen production. Collagen plays a key role in the stages of wound healing, but age-related decline in its synthesis is further exacerbated by dietary deficiencies. Proper nutrition is vital for optimal healing and quality of life in seniors. Aging skin is prone to infections, emphasizing the need for nutritional support. Collaboration between dermatologists and dieticians, using tools like the Mini Nutritional Assessment, can address deficiencies and improve outcomes through evidence-based guidelines such as the Dermatology Medical Nutritional Therapy (D-MNT), targeting inflammatory pathways in skin conditions. Adopting a balanced and nutritious diet is critical in supporting skin health. Foods with key bioactive compounds particularly vitamins C and E and antioxidants have photoprotective abilities by combating free radical induced damage. As one ages, there are notable structural changes in the skin including decreased transepidermal water and stratum corneum lipid content which can further exacerbate severity of coexisting conditions. Consequently, adequate hydration along with a low glycemic diet consisting of various vitamins and antioxidants is recommended. Given the interrelatedness of nutrition and dermatology, it is imperative that nutritional status be considered when assessing cutaneous conditions.