Urticaria in Older Adults
摘要
Urticaria is a fleeting, dermatological phenomenon, often recurrent, associated with erythema, wheals, angioedema, and serious discomfort that impairs quality of life. Globally, there has been a steep increase in cases of urticaria over the years, attributable to air pollution, climatic changes, and pollen index. In older people, the rising incidence is likely secondary to comorbidities. Autoimmunity may be contributory where there is a loss of tolerance to self-antigens due to immunosenescence. Chronic urticaria lasts longer than 6 weeks and may be idiopathic, i.e., spontaneous or inducible by contact, heat, cold, light, vibration, pressure, sweat, or water. Provocation tests can confirm diagnosis and threshold tests can quantify the trigger, as an attempt toward desensitization. Screening questionnaires and activity monitoring scales assist in assessment of disease activity. Management involves symptomatic relief from medications and avoiding eliciting factors to prevent recurrence. Drugs of choice are second-generation antihistamines, which are most effective and safe, even in higher doses. Newer treatment modalities are being studied but more data is required.