Extended reality (XR), encompassing virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), represents the forefront of immersive technologies, extending the boundaries of virtual worlds through fully digital simulations and augmented interactions within real-world environments. XR has transformative potential across various fields, including education, where its application in second/foreign language (L2) learning shows significant promise. This entry explores the distinct functionalities and educational benefits of VR and AR, highlighting their roles in enhancing immersion, contextual learning, and interactive engagement. Despite their extensive utilization in technical and scientific disciplines, XR’s integration into L2 education remains nascent. This entry synthesizes current research on XR in L2 learning, demonstrating its effectiveness in improving language skills, motivation, and learner autonomy. Findings from various studies suggest that XR technologies offer new points of departure in L2 teaching and learning, facilitating immersive and interactive learning opportunities.