Learning a language through technology has been enabled in recent years through the growing availability of online communities and multimedia resources. Those include L2 use through participation in social media, affinity groups, and gaming. Mobile devices have enabled local language resources to be leveraged for situated language learning, such as through augmented reality. Phones are also widely used to access services such as streaming video or music services, geared towards socializing and entertainment, but which offer affordances for informal language learning. Virtual exchange has emerged as a widely used vehicle for the development of pragmatic competency. The acceptance of translanguaging in applied linguistics has led to greater use of bilingual activities, including having learners work with machine translation. The advent of generative AI holds considerable promise for language learning, for incidental language learning through chatbots as well as for explicit learning through personalized tutors. AI also offers a powerful addition to the ability of immersive technologies to supply a stimulating virtual learning experience.