This chapter surveys the growing literature that employs insights from New Institutional Economics to shed light on the role that religion and religious institutions have played in historical and contemporary economic development. Due to the focus on religious institutions, the chapter covers issues at the intersection of religion and: finance, law, political economy, and human capital. It primarily focuses on the monotheistic, Abrahamic faiths—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam—as these are the primary religions covered in the literature. It concludes with a discussion of the usefulness of New Institutional Economics frameworks for studying religion and suggestions for future research areas at the intersection of religion and institutions.